Long pro opening rule is suitable for serious games because it does not have so much importance who opens and who can start the game, black's chances nearly equals to white's chances. Hereby the game becomes more equal and white has more chance in this opening rule than in standard or pro games. The essence of long pro is that black has to put his/her second stone further than in standard or pro. This restriction ensures that white gets more possibilities to equal the game because the first two stones of black are not so close to each other so black has no surewin. The centre of the square is the first black stone on H8. The 3rd move must be put outside a 7x7 square. Then the second player (white) can put the second stone anywhere on the board. The first move of the starting player (black) is compulsory to be put to the middle intersection of the board (H8). This rule ensures black surewin aswell, however white player begins the game from a smaller disadvantage. This restriction stands for a more balanced game in which black's first two stones are not so close to each other so black cannot have so many opportunities and white can equal the game and has better chances to win. Now it's black's turn and the third move has to be outside a 5x5 square from the centre of the board (H8). The second player can put the second move anywhere on the board. The starting player (black) puts the first stone to the middle intersection of the board (H8), this move is compulsory. This rule is 100% black win mathematically. There's no restriction where to put, the players put their stones alternately until an unbroken row of five stones are collected either horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. A standard strategy stealing argument from combinatorial game theory shows that in no m,n,k-game can there be a strategy that assures that the second player will win.Īccording to these facts several opening rules were created so as to ensure an equalled game and give chance to the second player as well.īlack plays first, and players alternate in placing a stone of their colour on an empty intersection. Mathematically it is proved that if there's no restriction of opening rules, the first player will win, because the second player has no chance to avoid being defeated if the first player does not make any mistakes. When a weaker player meets with a stronger one obviously the strong player will win the game irrespective of who was the starting one. It does not mean that in real games the starting player always wins the game. As the time has passed it had been realized and later was proved that if there is no restriction in the beginning of the game, the starting player will win the game.
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